The Kashmir Conflict and Quest for Resolution
Since the deportation of the British from the Indian Sub-continent after the establishment of two Dominions, India and Pakistan, Jammu & Kashmir has been the source of contention between these two nations. Three wars were fought over Kashmir in 1948, 1965 and 1999. Since the cease-fire was enacted on January 1 1949, one-third of Jammu & Kashmir fell under Pakistani occupation. The rest of Kashmir is directly under Indian authority and subject to Indian occupation. It is a matter of sovereignty and control. The Kashmir dispute is an international issue and is over two decades old. The Kashmir conflict appears to be the result of a "communal-legal" dispute that has Pakistan advocating a communal settlement to the dispute; however, India is sticking to the legal aspects of accession, referring to the Indian Independence Act 1947. Kashmir is a nuclear flash point, and the Kashmir conflict absorbs South Asian geopolitics.
Stability in this region depends on a successful solution to the conflict. Since 1948 the Pak-India war till now, numerous solutions and strategies have been suggested to resolve the long-running dispute over Kashmir. Prime Secretary Feroz Khan Noon proposed a clear separation to United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Henry Cabot Lodge, in Karachi on February 10, 1958. Ayub Khan suggested alternative options to the referendum. The Z.A. Bhutto Z.A. Bhutto Swaran Singh talks' immediate attention was the partition of India. One such effort to solve of Kashmir issue was made during the Musharraf time. In 2006, General Musharraf, who believed that Pakistan and India should retreat from positions that had been in place since 1948, came up with a four-point formula.
The Kashmir issue's four-point formula includes demilitarisation and "self-governance with a joint supervision mechanism". The four-point solution of Musharraf included: a) Kashmir should have the same borders, but freedom of movement throughout the region is permitted for those living on either side of the LoC; b)There should be autonomy or self-government but not independence. e)Region must be demilitarized, i.e. the gradual and wise removal of forces from the area. D ) A mechanism must be formulated jointly to ensure the roadmap for Kashmir may be executed smoothly. So Pakistan's President, Pervez Musharraf, had diluted the Pakistani position considerably. Musharraf's 4-point formula brought about five significant changes in Pakistan over the last few decades regarding Kashmir. The five main changes are one:) abrogating the U.N.'s resolutions regarding plebiscite and referendum; 2)) self-governance as a substation for self-determination; three) abandoning religion as a factor in the 4th) Pakistan's advice to Kashmiris to meet with New Delhi; and 5) accepting the Line of Control (LoC) in conjunction with joint management, a matter that is highly susceptible to be a source of compromise. . He suggested a 4-step method to implement the solution.
There should be a consensus to the point that Kashmir is the main issue between the two states
* Identification of the locations or plans inconvenient to the other side.
* Consider other ideas as well as
* A acceptable solution for Pakistan, India and the Kashmiri people must be agreed upon.
There was also an appraisal clause included in the formula that said that it would be presented to the public after seven or fifteen, or more years. If they approve, it is deemed the final resolution of the Kashmir issue. If they do not, a different method will need to be developed to assess people's desires in these regions, including Jammu and Kashmir, India and Pakistan.
Kashmir issue. The proposed solution received diverse reactions from within Pakistan, Kashmir and India. Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif informed Indian officials not to make any agreement with President Musharraf regarding Kashmir. Sharif addressed the Musharraf 4-point formula with the following words "This gentleman Musharraf declares significant matters off the cuff. He is known for casually making decisions. He can also be erratic sometimes and perhaps uncontrollable. I'm not in agreement with some issues in the opinion of Musharraf. Musharraf. However, one must examine this. It is necessary to research this. It is not necessary to go through the words of is said by Mr Musharraf says. Let's discuss the best way to resolve this problem". In response to President Musharraf's proposal regarding Kashmir, the Premier Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani said, "They were half-baked things that didn't have the power of the Parliament". Prof. Abdul Gani in Kashmir Valley offered his reaction to the solution proposed by Musharraf, by saying "The solution was not just a reasonable solution, but an efficient one as well, and nobody would have felt the sting of defeat, not the Indians or the Pakistanis nor the Kashmiris." Kashmir."
There were some disagreements with the four-point formula for a portion of India. India President Manmohan Singh, however, did not want to be a part of any of the ideas by stating his belief that Jammu, as well as Kashmir, constitutes a part of India and that there will be no revision of international boundaries or the reorganization of regions which would result in the be a blow to the communal dimension. The Indian claim over the entire area that is Jammu and Kashmir, which includes Pakistani-administered Kashmir, was reiterated in March of 2006 by the Indian government's formal protest against the development of the Bhasha dam in the region that falls within the Pakistani-controlled region of Kashmir. The idea of open borders, also known as soft borders, was described in the words of Manmohan Singh as" creating LoC and people between the two areas of Kashmir which be able to render LoC insignificant eventually." However, demilitarisation is outside India's best interests since they see it as national security as a matter of security. Beyond the differences regarding demilitarization, the main problem in deciding on LoC in the first place is the fact that India thinks that this is the final solution to the Kashmir dispute. At the same time, Pakistan sees it as one of the essential confidence-building measures. Accepting LoC as the solution to the problem signifies that Pakistan has abandoned its position regarding Kashmir.
There were a few hurdles in implementing the 4-point formula Musharraf, mainly when Musharraf needed to be in a position of power. Still, it is a fact that the Musharraf four-point formula demonstrated their determination of Pakistan for a solution to the Kashmir issue by reversing its previous policy of seeking a referendum for Kashmiri residents following U.N. resolutions. Kashmir issue resolution demands the surrender of all parties involved in the issue. Musharraf's four-point formula will lead to the ultimate resolution of the Kashmir problem, which is vital to the security and prosperity of the entire region. The task is more straightforward since a democratic government controls both states.